In a computer, the central processing unit (CPU) can be likened to the brain. The processor performs all the calculations necessary for programs to run on the computer, and if the processor has a problem, it will affect the entire operation of the computer. Thankfully, processor problems are rare. Problems that appear to be caused by the processor are generally actually caused by the configuration of the processor, which means that they can be corrected easily with the proper knowledge.

Incorrect Processor Speed

The speed of a processor is determined by the speed of the system bus (the “highway” that all data within a computer travels on) and a multiplier. For example, one processor configuration might combine a 100-MHz system bus with a multiplier of 8x, giving you an 800-MHz processor. Most processors have a locked multiplier, meaning that it cannot be changed by the user. However, if you built your own computer or had it built for you, the bus speed can most likely be changed within the motherboard’s setup software. If the bus speed is set incorrectly for your processor, the reported speed will be too low or too high. Confirm that your motherboard is running at the correct bus speed if the reported speed of your processor is incorrect.

Processor Locks Up or Slows Down

All modern processors employ thermal protection algorithms, which cause them to reduce their speed if they become hot enough to cause internal damage. Many older processors have thermal protection as well, but they have a different response to heat; they simply lock up. If either of these conditions happens while your computer is performing an intensive operation such as playing a game, your processor is probably overheating. Check to ensure that your computer is receiving adequate ventilation and that the CPU heat sink is making firm, even contact with the processor.

Computer Reboots While In Use

If your computer is rebooting randomly while you use it, it is not likely that the processor is causing the issue. Rather than troubleshooting the processor, run a virus scan to see whether your computer has an infection. If your computer is heavily upgraded with multiple hard drives and/or video cards, consider replacing the power supply.

Computer Does Not Boot Following a Processor Upgrade

If your computer does not boot following a processor upgrade, check to confirm that the motherboard is able to supply the core voltage required by the processor. Although two different processors may fit into the same motherboard, they may have different power requirements. If your motherboard can not support your new processor’s requirements, visit the manufacturer’s website to see if a BIOS upgrade is available. In some cases, an incompatibility such as this can be resolved through software.

Additional Power Requirements

If you have built a new computer using the power supply from your old computer, the power supply may not satisfy the requirements of the new processor. For example, the Pentium 4 processor requires a power supply that has an auxiliary connector, which supplies extra power to the motherboard. If an older power supply is used, the system may not be completely stable. Confirm that your power supply satisfies the requirements of the processor that you intend to use before installing it into a new computer.